Abstract
This paper explores the effectiveness of Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) systems as a pathway to achieving a sustainable economy through the conservation of natural resources. TEK represents the cumulative body of knowledge, beliefs, practices, and cultural values developed by indigenous communities over generations in close interaction with their environment. These systems have historically guided the sustainable use of land; forests, water, and biodiversity, offering models of resilience that predate modern industrial approaches. The study emphasises how TEK supports biodiversity conservation, sustainable land tenure, agroforestry, and livestock farming practices, whilst also safeguarding cultural heritage and spiritual values. It highlights African examples, particularly within Nigeria, where taboos, customary rules, and indigenous religious practices contribute to environmental preservation. Furthermore, the paper notes that integrating TEK with modern scientific and policy frameworks provides a holistic and eco-friendly strategy for resource management. By drawing on global and local perspectives, this paper argues that TEK is not merely a cultural relic but a vital tool for addressing pressing ecological and developmental challenges. The findings underscore the need for policymakers, educators, and conservationists to embrace TEK to strengthen community-based resource management and advance sustainable development goals. The study also reveals that traditional ecological practices—such as indigenous farming methods, forest and river conservation through taboos, and intergenerational knowledge transfer—remain active in Imo State. These practices contribute significantly to environmental sustainability and the rural economy. The study identified major factors hindering TEK preservation, including modernization, poor documentation, and lack of formal educational support. It further revealed that land policies and rights-based approaches affect community participation in resource conservation. Environmental adult education, when culturally grounded and community-driven, was shown to be an effective strategy for promoting TEK. Based on these results, the study concludes that TEK can be sustained through targeted adult education interventions. It is recommended that educational policymakers integrate TEK into adult education curricula and involve local knowledge holders in programme delivery to strengthen sustainable environmental practices. DOI: https://doie.org/10.50390/NCAEJ.2026285115